Alpine peatlands support unique and threatened species and provide valuable ecosystem services, yet they face many threats. To restore and conserve this ecosystem into the future, we need to focus our research effort towards the most critical knowledge gaps. Hence, we sought to identify which knowledge gaps and management needs are currently limiting conservation efforts with the idea that these would guide future research efforts. We used a horizon-scan approach to identify the top 25 research questions whose answers will enhance our capacity to conserve alpine peatlands.