This project informs and updates Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE)’s current practices for species distribution modelling under future climate change. These practices were last reviewed almost a decade ago. We identify robust methods that can be applied to map threatened species distributions under current and future climates, ensuring that these are “fit-for-purpose” for target applications and reflect the current state of knowledge in the field. Further, this project: (1) extends previous work to provide more detailed guidance on difficult-to-model species and data bias; and (2) undertakes new work to develop a concept of habitat critical to the survival of a species.