Traditional techniques for monitoring wildlife such as trapping are often too expensive, inefficient or impractical for widespread use. New technologies and new advances in survey methods have the potential to provide data that are more accurate for lower costs. Thermal cameras may be a useful tool to improve detections and thus the rigour of monitoring programs; however, they are an emerging technology and very little is known of their utility across the full range of Australian species and habitats. This project will investigate which species, habitats and circumstances thermal cameras are likely to be of most use for.